Online Computer™

Web Browser

2010-04-23T09:35:00.000-07:00

Web browser is software that serves display and interact with documents provided by the web server. Popular web browser is Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. Web browser user agent is the type most often used. Web itself is a collection containing documents and a network connected to each other, known as the World Wide Web.

Histori

First web browser text based, like Lynx are popular today, because it is a system with a graphical interface is not commonly used at that time. Only after the system started being used based graphics, a student named Marc Andressen at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States, create a first graphical web browser that runs on top of Windows and UNIX operating system (Motif based). Web browser named Mosaic.

Furthermore, after graduating from university, was offered by Marc Falahuddin Alief, one of the top brass Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI), to create a company with the name Mosaic Communications, which later became Netscape Communications. Marc makes a first popular web browser used by the public, called Netscape Navigator. At the time of its development, the Navigator has the code name Mozilla. Navigator is a commercial web browser, but over time, eventually became the Navigator can be obtained free of charge. Meanwhile, the Mosaic web browser for free no longer continue its development, and submitted to the NCSA (National Computing for Supercomputer Applications). Because NCSA does not have permission to commercialize products Mosaic, NCSA Mosaic was eventually sold to Spyglass, which ultimately makes Mosaic a commercial web browser.

Microsoft, which fell late in the browser market, even buy a license from Spyglass Mosaic, which eventually released its browser product, which is referred to as Internet Explorer. With the release of Internet Explorer, there arose a great war between the popular web browser, ie Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Modem

2010-01-27T16:39:00.000-08:00

A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used over any means of transmitting analog signals, from driven diodes to radio.

The most familiar example is a voiceband modem that turns the digital 1s and 0s of a personal computer into sounds that can be transmitted over the telephone lines of plain old telephone services (POTS), and once received on the other side, converts those 1s and 0s back into a form used by a USB, Ethernet, serial, or network connection.

Modems are generally classified by the amount of data they can send in a given time, normally measured in bits per second (bit/s, or bps). They can also be classified by Baud, the number of times the modem changes its signal state per second. For example, the ITU V.21 standard used audio frequency-shift keying, aka tones, to carry 300 bit/s using 300 baud, whereas the original ITU V.22 standard allowed 1,200 bit/s with 600 baud using phase-shift keying.

Faster modems are used by Internet users every day, notably cable modems and ADSL modems. In telecommunications, wide-band radio modems transmit repeating frames of data at very high data rates over microwave radio links. Narrow-band radio modem is used for low data rate up to 19.2k mainly for private radio networks. Some microwave modems transmit more than a hundred million bits per second. Optical modems transmit data over optical fibers. Most intercontinental data links now use optical modems transmitting over undersea optical fibers. Optical modems routinely have data rates in excess of a billion (1x109) bits per second. One kilobit per second (kbit/s, kb/s, or kbps) as used in this article means 1,000 bits per second and not 1,024 bits per second. For example, a 56k modem can transfer data at up to 56,000 bit/s (7 kB/s) over the phone line.

Monitor

2010-01-27T16:12:00.000-08:00

Monitor or we often call a computer display screen. The term monitor usually depicted in a display box that can display anything from a computer device. As monitors of output media has an important meaning as the devices other computers. Everything is an important unit in a computer system when one of them dead, the system will not work.

Computer monitor is also described as an output device that displays characters and / or images, either still or moving, which is processed / ordered from the CPU through the input media.

Flash Disk

2010-01-27T16:03:00.000-08:00

A flash disk is a form of computer storage media. This type of storage accessory may also be known as a flash drive or a USB flash disk/drive. These are often used nowadays to store data and documents that you may once have had to store on a floppy disk in the past.

A flash disk will use a flash based memory element to store data. It will also usually incorporate a USB hub in its design which you can use to plug the disk directly into a computer. To save data, documents, files or photos to the disk you simply load them on to it via your computer. At this point you can detach the disk with the data you loaded on to it and either use it for storage or to take the data elsewhere.

Flash based disks have become so popular because they are small, portable and long-lasting. A flash disk will have no moving parts so it is less likely to break down or to get damaged if it is dropped, for example. Many disks in the sector are compact and easy to store or to carry around as necessary.

Flash disks can be a great way of storing data that you want to keep. They are also good for moving data from one computer to another. So, for example, if you want to work on some business documents in the evening at home you could use a flash disk to simply download the documents from your work computer and then upload them to your home computer later.

Flash disks come with differing memory capacities. The smallest disks here will usually allow you to store around 64MB of data. More complex models will allow you to store a lot more. In general terms your flash disk will cost more as its memory capacity increases. The smallest flash disks are competitively priced costing only a few pounds.

Most people will use flash disks for temporary storage or simply to store a certain amount of key data/a few key documents. It is unlikely, for example, that you could find a portable flash disk big enough to use as a PC back up. In most cases these devices will be used to move data from A to B and to allow you to take data or documents with you if you will need to use them away from your main computer.

Central Processing Unit

2009-11-28T19:43:00.001-08:00

Central Processing Unit, refers to computer hardware that understand and execute commands and data from the software. Another term, the processor (data processing), often used to refer to the CPU. The microprocessor is the CPU that is produced in integrated circuits, often in a package-a single integrated circuit. Since the mid-1970s, microprocessors, integrated circuits have a single common use and become an important aspect in the implementation of the CPU.

CPU component is divided into several types, namely as follows.

* Control unit that organizes the course of the program. This component is certainly present in all the computer controls CPU.CPU duty resulting in synchronization between the components work in carrying out operations functions. included in the control unit responsibility is to take instructions, instructions from main memory and determine the type of instruction. If there are instructions for arithmetic or logical comparisons, the control unit will send instructions to the ALU. Results from processing the data carried by the control unit to the main memory for storage, and in time will be presented to the output device. Thus the task of this control unit are:

• Organize and control the input devices and output. • Taking instructions from main memory. • Importing data from main memory (if necessary) to be processed. • Sending instructions to the ALU when there is a comparison arithmetic or logic, and oversees the work of the ALU. • Save the results to the main memory.

* Register is a small storage device that has a high access speed, which is used to store data and / or instructions that are processed. This memory is temporary, usually used to store data if or when the data for further processing. By analogy, these registers can be likened to a memory in the brain when we do data processing manually, so the brain can be likened to the CPU, which contains memories, control units that regulate the activities of the body and have a place to perform calculations and logical comparisons.

* ALU units assigned to perform arithmetic operations and logic operations defined by instructions. ALU often called machine language for this section ALU consists of two parts, namely arithmetika units and boolean logic units, each of which has its own job specifications. The main task of the ALU is to perform all arithmetic calculations (math) which occurs in accordance with the instructions of the program. ALU perform all the basic arithmetic operations so that the sum of the electronic circuitry that is used is called adder.

Another task of the ALU is to make a decision of a logic operation in accordance with the instructions of the program. Logic operation involves two Operands comparisons using specific logic operator, which is equal to (=), not equal to (¹), less than (), and greater or equal to (³).

* Interconnections are CPU and bus connection system that connects the CPU's internal components, ie ALU, control unit and registers as well as the external buses connecting the CPU with other systems, such as main memory, device input / output.

Mouse

2009-11-28T19:42:00.001-08:00

Mouse is a device used to enter data into a computer other than the keyboard. Mouse obtain such name because the cable is shaped like a tail sticking rats.

Mouse was first created in 1963 by Douglas Engelbart made from wood with a single button. The second model is equipped with 3 buttons. In 1970, Douglas Engelbart introduced the mouse that could find XY position on the computer screen, mouse is known as the XY Position Indicator (XY position indicator).

Form the most common mouse has two buttons, each one at top left and right above that can be suppressed. However, computer-based Macintosh computers typically use one-button mouse.

Mouse to work with motion capture using a touch ball hard and flat surface. The more modern mouse is not using the ball again, but using an optical beam to detect movement. In addition, some are already using wireless technology, both based radio, infrared, or Bluetooth.

Currently, the latest technology has enabled mouse using laser system so that the resolution can reach 2000 points per inch (dpi), one can even reach 4800 points per inch. Usually this mouse model is for fans of video games.

Motherboard

2009-11-28T19:41:00.000-08:00

A motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, while providing connectors for other peripherals. The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the main board, system board, or, on Apple computers, the logic board. It is also sometimes casually shortened to mobo.

Prior to the advent of the microprocessor, a computer was usually built in a card-cage case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane consisting of a set of slots themselves connected with wires; in very old designs the wires were discrete connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice. The Central Processing Unit, memory and peripherals were housed on individual printed circuit boards which plugged into the backplane.

During the late 1980s and 1990s, it became economical to move an increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard (see below). In the late 1980s, motherboards began to include single ICs (called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. As of the late 1990s, many personal computer motherboards supported a full range of audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all; higher-end systems for 3D gaming and computer graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate component.

The early pioneers of motherboard manufacturing were Micronics, Mylex, AMI, DTK, Hauppauge, Orchid Technology, Elitegroup, DFI, and a number of Taiwan-based manufacturers.

Popular personal computers such as the Apple II and IBM PC had published schematic diagrams and other documentation which permitted rapid reverse-engineering and third-party replacement motherboards. Usually intended for building new computers compatible with the exemplars, many motherboards offered additional performance or other features and were used to upgrade the manufacturer's original equipment.

The term mainboard is archaically applied to devices with a single board and no additional expansions or capability. In modern terms this would include embedded systems and controlling boards in televisions, washing machines, etc. A motherboard specifically refers to a printed circuit with the capability to add/extend its performance and capabilities with the addition of "daughterboards."

Random Access Memory (RAM)

2009-11-28T19:40:00.002-08:00

Random access memory is a type of computer storage whose contents can be accessed in a fixed position ignores the data in memory. This is in contrast to sequential memory devices, such as magnetic tapes, disks and drums, in which the mechanical movement of the storage media to force the computer to access data sequentially.

First time in 60'an known. Only when the semiconductor memory that has not been popular because the price is very expensive. When it is more common to use a magnetic main memory.

Semiconductor companies like Intel to start producing debut with RAM, more precisely type of DRAM.

Usually RAM can be written and read, as opposed to memory-read-only (read-only-memory, ROM), RAM is usually used for primary storage (main memory) for use in computer and change the information actively, although some tools to use several types RAM to provide a secondary storage of long-term.

But there is also the opinion that the ROM is another type of RAM, because it is really too random access as SRAM or DRAM. Only it was the process of writing the ROM requires a special process that is not as easy and flexible as well as SRAM or DRAM. Also some parts of the space addres RAM (main memory) of a system that is mapped into one or two chip ROM.

Software

2009-11-28T19:40:00.001-08:00

Software is a computer program that serves as a means of interaction between users and hardware. The software can also be said as 'translator' who commands a user runs a computer to be forwarded to or processed by the hardware. The software is divided into 3 levels: level application program (application program such as Microsoft Office), the operating system level (operating system such as Microsoft Windows), and level programming language (which is divided again over a high-level programming languages like Pascal and low-level programming language the assembly language).

The software is computer program instructions that the contents can be changed with ease. The software is commonly used to control the hardware (which is often referred to as device drivers), do the calculations, the software interacts with the more basic (such as operating systems and programming languages), and others.

Hardware

2009-11-28T19:38:00.001-08:00

Computer hardware are all part of the physical computer, and are distinguished by the data in it or who operate in it, and are distinguished by the software (software) that provides instructions for the hardware to complete the task.

Boundary between hardware and software will be a little blurry when we speak about firmware, because this firmware is software that is "made" into the hardware. This firmware is the area of computer science and computer engineering, which is rarely known by the general user.

* Board system / mother board which houses the CPU, memory and other parts, and has a slot for additional cards.

o RAM - where short-term data storage, so the computer does not need to always access the hard disk to find data. The number of larger RAM will help speed your PC

o Buses:

+ Bus PCI

+ Industry Standard Architecture

+ USB

+ AGP

o ROM (Read Only Memory) in which the firmware is put

o CPU (Central Processing Unit) as the main part of the brain and the computer

* Power supply - a box which houses the transformer, voltage and fan control

* Controller storage, the type of IDE, SCSI or something else, which controls the hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM and other drives; controller is located on the main board (on-board) or the additional card

* Control the video performance that produces output for computer displays

* Computer bus controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Firewire) to connect the computer with other external additional equipment such as printers or scanners

* Some types of computer storage:

o CD - the most common type of removable media, cheap but easily broken.

+ CD-ROM

+ CD-RW

+ CD-R

o DVD

+ DVD-ROM

+ DVD-RW

+ DVD-R

o Floppy disk

* Storage in - store data in a computer for long-term use.

o Hard disk - for long-term data storage

o Disk array controller

* Sound card - translates signals from the system board to the language that can be understood by speakers, and has terminals for the cable striking the earphone.

* Computer network - to connect the computer to the Internet and / or other computers.

o Modem - for dial-up connections.

o network card - to the Internet DSL / cable, and / or connect to another computer.

* Other equipment.

In addition, hardware can include other external components. Below is a standard component or commonly used.

Input

o Keyboard

o Tool bookmarks

+ Mouse

+ Trackball

o Joystick

o Gamepad

o Scanner picture

o Webcam

o Graphics Tablet

* Output

o Printer

o Speaker

o Monitor

* Network / Networking

o Modem

o network

The Computer

2009-11-28T19:36:00.000-08:00

Computers are tools used to process the data according to the procedures that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe the work people do arithmetic calculations, with or without tools, but the meaning of this word and then transferred to the machine itself. Their origins, processing information almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.

In such a definition is a tool like a slide rule, mechanical calculator types ranging from abacus, and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. Better terms suitable for a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information-processing system."

Over the years there have been several different meanings to the word "computer", and several different words are now referred to simply referred to as a computer.

The word computer is generally never used To define people who do arithmetic calculations, with or without a donkey engine. According to the Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, the word is used in English in 1646 as the word for "people who count" and then before 1897 is also used as a "mechanical calculators. During World War II, the word refers to female workers of the United States and England whose work calculating artillery war path with the cash register.

Charles Babbage designed one of the first calculating machine called the analytical engine. In addition, a variety of simple machine tools such as slide rule will be considered as well as a computer.